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Saturday, December 28, 2013

Frequency response measurement



Frequency response measurement
The frequency response can be measured with the circuit below:
Measure Transformer Frequency Response


  • Rs = impedance of primary
  • RL = impedance of load
  • E1 = source signal
  • E2 = output signal

E1 voltage must be held constant for all frequencies for frequency response measurement. The output voltage E2 is reference at 1kHz usually, and the rest of the voltage present at other frequencies are referred to this reference value for deviation calculation.

The voltage level of all frequencies (intended range) should lie within +/- 3dB or even +/- 1dB, or to the extreme of +/- 0.5dB or +/- 0.1dB. The -3dB frequency means that it will have a voltage level of 70.7% of the reference frequency. 

The lower limit of the frequency range (bass) is determined by the primary inductance, as mentioned previously. The upper limit of the frequency range (treble) is determined by the reactance of the leakage inductance. 

Please refer to the past articles of the primary inductance versus lower frequency calculation and the measurement of the leakage inductance. 

The impedance of both the primary and secondary windings can be calculated once the voltage level are known too. 

Z1 / Z2 = (E1 / E2) squared
There you have it, basic but useful transformer frequency response measurement. 

J&K Audio Design
29/12/2013

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* Finished amplifiers, DACs, audio gadgets, upgrades and repairs - this is not our core business and we do it out of passion. We do not have fixed models, fixed price and we customize for each individuals. The sky is limit of creativity.

* Our product lines are always improving and increasing. If you do not see what you want, contact us!

* Please email for volume discounts, distributor and OEM pricing.